Kahn, Lawrence M., "Wage Inequality, Collective Bargaining, and Relative Employment from 1985 to 1994: Evidence from Fifteen OECD Countries," (2000)

Kahn, Lawrence M., 2000, "Wage Inequality, Collective Bargaining, and Relative Employment from 1985 to 1994: Evidence from Fifteen OECD Countries," The Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(4): 564-579.

Using microdata from 1985 to 1994 for fifteen OECD countries, I find that greater union coverage and membership lead to higher relative pay and lower relative employment for less-skilled men, with similar pay effects but only weak evidence of negative employment effects for less-skilled women. Greater economy-wide union coverage or membership leads to lower employment and higher relative wages for young men (with similar but weaker effects for young women), and a greater propensity to attend school for both genders. With few jobs for young people, education may have a low opportunity cost and may enhance one's enmployablity.

1985〜1994年のOECD15ヶ国のミクロデータ（ISSP）を用いて、組合の交渉適用率とメンバーシップの高さが、低技能の男性の高い相対賃金と低い相対雇用率に結びついていることを示す。低技能の女性に対しては、賃金については同じような結果が得られたが、雇用については男性ほど頑強な結果が得られなかった。経済全体に広がる高水準の組合の適用率やメンバーシップは、若い男性に対して低い雇用と高い相対賃金をもたらし、男女が学校に通う高い可能性をもたらす。若者が就くことができる仕事がないので、教育は低い機会コストをもたらし、教育を受けた人の雇用可能性を高めるのだと考えられる。